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HUMANS are not alone in struggling to stay slim. Some planets go through a "fat" stage that swells their

 

waistlines temporarily, which possibly explains why some gas giants are unexpectedly large.

 

"Astronomers have power leveling found a lot of planets whose

 

sizes cannot be explained by standard theory," says Laurent Ibgui of Princeton University. The difference

 

between predicted and measured widths of so-called "hot Jupiters" can be 30 per cent or more.

 

Previously, astronomers assumed that, because cold gas takes up less volume than hot gas, hot Jupiters would

 

shrink as they lost their initial heat.

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Now a computer simulation by Ibgui suggests this effect can be temporarily halted in hot Jupiters that begin

 

life in highly elliptical orbits. These planets are alternately squeezed and stretched as they circle their

 

stars, resulting in "tidal heating" that warms the gas inside the planet. This counteracts the cooling

 

effect, inflating the planet - an effect that can last for a billion years or more. Eventually, though, the

 

planet's orbit will become more circular, and the hot Jupiter resumes shrinking. Ibgui presented the research

 

at an American Astronomical Society meeting in Pasadena, California, last week.

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The model doesn't quite explain the superpuffy appearance of all hot Jupiters, says Jonathan Fortney of the

 

University of California, Santa Cruz. "It requires these planets to start their lives on very eccentric

 

orbits, which is possible, but not currently the preferred scenario."